Optimizing Nitrogen Input for Enhanced Yield in New Irrigated Sesame Variety (TS-05)

Abstract

This study investigates the optimization of nitrogen (N) fertilization for the newly developed irrigated sesame variety, TS-05, under irrigated conditions in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The experiment was conducted during the 2022 Kharif season across six locations within the Bahawalpur Division, employing a split-plot design with four nitrogen levels (N₀ = 0 kg/ha, N₆₀ = 60 kg/ha, N₈₀ = 80 kg/ha, and N₁₀₀ = 100 kg/ha). The results demonstrate a significant positive response of sesame yield and yield components to nitrogen application, with the highest grain yield observed at 100 kg N/ha. However, the study also highlights diminishing returns at nitrogen rates above 80 kg N/ha, suggesting that an optimal N rate exists for maximizing yield without incurring unnecessary costs or environmental risks. The location × nitrogen treatment interaction emphasized the need for site-specific nitrogen management strategies, given the variation in soil fertility and micro-climatic conditions across the experimental sites. The findings support the recommendation of 80–100 kg N/ha as the most effective range for the TS-05 variety under irrigated conditions in Southern Punjab.