Antibacterial Effects of Ethanol Extract of Aloe vera and Ceftiofur Against Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Mastitic Milk of Buffalo

Abstract

Aloe vera is often referred to as a "miracle plant" due to its extensive range of antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of pure Aloe vera and its ethanol extract and compared it with Ceftiofur. A total of 50 clinically positive mastitic milk samples from buffaloes were collected from dairy farms. These samples underwent microbial culture analysis. Following the isolation and identification of organisms, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using 96-well plates. Concentrations of pure Aloe vera, its ethanol extract, and Ceftiofur were used: 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, 0.156, 0.078, 0.039, 0.019 µg/µl, and 0.009 µg/µl to evaluate their MICs against Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. Results indicated that 27 (54%) samples were positive for Streptococcus dysgalactiae, while 5 (10%) were positive for Streptococcus uberis. The mean susceptibility values were 3.75 µg/µl for pure Aloe vera, 1.87 µg/µl for the ethanol extract, and 0.19 µg/µl for Ceftiofur against Streptococcus dysgalactiae. For Streptococcus uberis, MICs were 7.5 µg/µl for pure Aloe vera, 3.75 µg/µl for ethanol extract, and 0.4 µg/µl for Ceftiofur. All treatments displayed susceptibility to these organisms, suggesting Aloe vera as a potential alternative to combat antibiotic resistance.