Wind Potential in Coastal Area of Gwadar, Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract

Wind energy represents a vital renewable resource for addressing Pakistan's energy crisis, particularly in coastal regions like Gwadar, Baluchistan, which offer substantial untapped potential due to favorable geographical and wind conditions. This study assesses the wind energy viability in four key coastal sites Ormara, Pasni, Gwadar City, and Jiwani, using one year of wind speed data (2021–2022) recorded at 10 meters’ height by the Pakistan Meteorological Department. Employing the Hellmann exponent law for height extrapolation and standard power density equations (P = 1/2 ρ V³, with air density ρ = 1.225 kg/m³ and Betz limit considerations), monthly wind speeds, power outputs, and energy potentials were calculated. Results indicate varying potentials across sites. Ormara shows power ranging from 5 W/m² to 34.3 W/m², Pasni from 35.4 W/m² to 116.7 W/m², Gwadar City from 19.2 W/m² to 111.9 W/m², and Jiwani exhibits similar seasonal patterns with peaks in April–July and lows in December. These findings underscore Gwadar's role in enhancing national energy security, reducing fossil fuel dependence, and supporting sustainable development goals through job creation and emission reductions. The study highlights the need for policy support, infrastructure investment, and further long-term monitoring to realize large-scale wind farm deployment.