Survey and conservation of Mangroves in Khobar Creek Keti Bander, District, Thatta Sindh

Abstract

Khober Creek situated in the Keti Bander district of Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan, is part of the Indus Delta Mangrove Reserves, hosting a diverse and vital population of mangroves. The predominant (Horned Mangrove) 7=1.870829 and Rhizophora mucronata 5=1.581139 contribute significantly to the ecological integrity of the region. These mangroves play a critical role in protecting coastlines from erosion, providing habitats for marine and avian species, and maintaining water quality. Their dense root systems serve as nurseries for aquatic organisms and attract diverse bird populations, including the rare collared kingfisher. Conservation efforts, including reforestation, pollution control and availability of fresh water are essential to preserve this biodiversity hotspot, particularly in light of threats like climate change and reduced water flow from the Indus River. Statistical analysis of the mangrove population 2022 reveals seasonal variations across species, with Avicennia marina being the most abundant. The study underscores the ecological and economic importance of mangroves in sustaining biodiversity, promoting coastal fisheries, and enhancing the natural beauty of the Indus Delta.