G.2057Page1GlobalResearchjournalofNaturalScience&Technology(GRJNST)Volume:04-Issue2(2026),2057ISSNP:2790-7643ISSNE:2790-7651www.grjnst.nethttps://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09ImpactofClimateChange(CC)onGuava(PsidiumguajavaL.)Phenology,YieldandCommercialFruitQuality;ProspectivePolicyReceived:31December2025.Accepted:04February2026.Published:2April2026BilalAhmedAwanPlantTissueCultureCell,InstituteofHorticulturalSciences,UniversityofAgricultureFaisalabadPakistanbilal.awan@uaf.edu.pkMuhammadUsmanPlantTissueCultureCell,InstituteofHorticulturalSciences,UniversityofAgricultureFaisalabadPakistanm.usman@uaf.edu.pkBilqueesFatimaPlantTissueCultureCell,InstituteofHorticulturalSciences,UniversityofAgricultureFaisalabadPakistandr.fatimausman@uaf.edu.pkHashamFerozGhumanCentreofAgriculturalBiochemistryandBiotechnology(CABB),UniversityofAgricultureFaisalabadPakistanHasham.feroz@uaf.edu.pkBushraRashidCentreofExcellenceinMolecularBiology(CEMB),UniversityofthePunjab,Lahore,Pakistanbushra.cemb@pu.edu.pkFaisalSaeedAwanCentreofAgriculturalBiochemistryandBiotechnology(CABB),UniversityofAgricultureFaisalabadPakistan.Faisal.saeed@uaf.edu.pkGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09Copyright©2026GRJNST.ThisarticleispublishedunderanOpenAccessmodel.ItismadeavailabletothepublicunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0International(CCBY4.0)license,whichpermitsunrestricteduseanddistributionG.2057Page2Abstract:Ithasbeenobservedthattheclimateischangingfromlastfewcoupleofyears.Oneofthemanynegativeconsequencesofclimatechangeisthealterationofthenaturalvegetationandenvironment.Phenology,ortheshiftingtimingofplantgrowthactivity,isoneofthemostwell-documentedconsequencesofclimatechange.Climatechangeiscausingchangesinthelengthofthevegetativeandreproductivephases.Byshorteningthevegetativeperiod,warmertemperaturesoftenreducedthenumberofdaysneededforfloweringinthemajorityoffruitcrops.Guava(PsidiumguajavaL.)commercially3rdfruitcropofsignificanteconomicimportanceinPakistanandhighnutritionalpotential,yetitsproductionfacesseverechallengesduringlasttwodecadesduetoclimatechangeoverallgloballyandmorefrequentlyinSouthEastAsian(SEA)countries.Thiscomprehensiveefforthighlightandexaminestheclimatechange(CC)impactonGuavaphen-phases,cropimprovementandoverallfruitqualityparameters,highlightingdisruptionscausedbyrisingtemperatures,alteredprecipitationpatterns,andincreasedfrequencyofextremeweathereventssuchaslongsummerseasonspan,droughtsandheavyrainfallduringmonsoonweather.Thesechangesaffectcriticalphysiologicalprocesses,includingflowering,fruitsetting,fruitgrowthandmaturationleadingtoirregularbearing,reducedyields,andcompromisedfruitqualitysuchas,size,colorandsweetness.Climate-inducedbioticstressorsexacerbatepestanddiseasepressures,furtherthreateningcommercialproduction.adaptationandmitigationprecisionhorticulturestrategies,includingimprovedirrigationsystems,canopymanagementtechniquesduringhighdensityplantationandefficientuseofmicronutrientslikezincandboron,arepracticalsolutionstoenhanceresilience.thepaperalsoexploresfutureperspectives,emphasizingprecisionhorticultureandsupportivepolicyframeworkstoensuresustainableguavaproduction.byintegratingadvancedtechnologies,resilientcultivarsandinnovativepomologicalGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057practices,thisstudyunderscorespotentialtomitigateimpactofclimatechange(CC)forsecureguavaproduction.Keywords:Guava,ClimateChange,Phenology,FruitSetting,MitigationStrategies.Page3IntroductionThroughoutEarth'shistory,theplanet'sclimatehasexperiencedseveralchanges,fromiceagestowarmeras.Agriculturewasoneofthefirstindustriestobeexaminedtheclimatechange(CC)effectsbecauseofitsvitalroleinhumanexistence(Adamsetal.,1990;Ahmedetal.,2025;Scorzinietal.,2026).Manycropmodelsandevaluationstrategieshavebeencreatedrecentlyforimportanthorticulturalcrops,suchasfruitcrops(Chmielewskietal.,2004;Chawlaetal.,2011;Fischeretal.,2016;Haokipetal.,2020;Karagatiyaetal.,2023),offeringpredictionsrelatedtocropyield.Thecapacityofreflectedinfraredradiationintheatmosphereisincreasedbyincreasedgreenhousegasemissions,whicheventuallyraisesthetemperatureofthesurface-tropospheresystem.AccordingtoNASAdatafromOctober2020,atmosphericCO2concentrationsjustreachedarecordof415ppmafterquicklyincreasingto400ppmin2014.TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)foundthatbetween1906and2005,theglobalairtemperatureroseby0.74°C(Donatoetal.,2014).Anincreaseof0.5°Cto1.2°Cby2020,0.88to3.16°Cby2050,and1.56to5.44°Cby2080ispredicted(Scorzinietal.,2026).Accordingtoprojections,theglobaltemperaturemightrisebyupto6°Cbytheyear2100,andtheCO2concentrationcouldriseby550to850partspermillionduringthatsametime.Theaverageworldwideairtemperaturemayincreaseby1.4°Cto6.4°Cbytheendofthiscentury.Climatechange(CC)isundoubtedlythebiggestissuefacingthecommercialfruitsectortodayandwillrequireimmediateattentionintheyearstocome.Theaverageworldwideairtemperaturemayincreaseby1.4°Cto6.4°Cbytheendofthiscentury(IPCC2014a;Ahmedetal.,2026).GRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page4Fig.1ThermaltimemodelforgrowthofperennialfruitcropsGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page5Variationsinairtemperaturewerenoticeable,withtypicalviticulturezonesinvariousregionsofEuropeexperiencingariseof2to5°C(Christensenetal.2007).Climateprojectionsforthe21stcenturyindicatethattheaverageglobaltemperaturewillincreaseinarangeofways,fromstabilizingat1.5°Cduringthecurrentreferenceperiodtoincreasingbyalmost4°C(IPCC2014b).Theemissionofgreenhousegases,amongwhichCO2ismoresignificantintermsofbothvolumeandimpact,hasbeenthemaindriverofthetemperatureincrease(IPCC2014b).From280/μLL-1(preindustrial)toabove400/μLL-1in2016,atmosphericCO2levelsareexpectedtoriserapidlyto421–936/μLL-1bytheendofthecentury(Meinshausenetal.2011).Rainfallhasalsodecreasedinimportantviticulturalregions,particularlyinSouthernEurope(IPCC2014a;Christensenetal.,2007),anditisanticipatedthatthisdeclinewillpersistinthefuture(Assadetal.,2004).Extremedroughts,floods,andheatwavesareexpectedtooccurmorefrequentlyastemperaturesrise.Climatechangehasthreedifferenteffectsonagriculture:direct,indirect,andsocioeconomic(Kimetal.,2009).AccordingtotheIPCCSRES-A2scenario,temperaturesarepredictedtoriseby3.4°CandCO2concentrationstoreach1250ppmby2095.Thismightbefollowedbymoreextremeweathereventsandclimatevariability(Ashrafetal.,2025).Newproblemsincludingurbanization,waterscarcity,soilandwatercontamination,andglobalclimatechangemakethiscomplexscenarioworse(Pachaurietal.,2007;Kumaretal.,2019).Whencombinedwithhighertemperatures,lessprecipitationmayresultinlessirrigationandmoreevapotranspiration,whichmightputmanycropsunderwaterstress(Dattaetal.,2013;Yadavetal.,2023).Guava(PsidiumguajavaL.)isanimportantcrophavingbothcommercialandnutritionalsignificancethroughoutthetropicsandsubtropics.Moreover,itisthethirdmostimportantfruitcropinPakistan.Itisthegreatestchoiceintermsoftasteandadditionalnutritionalbenefits(Riazetal.,2025;Usmanetal.,2020),ashighdemandinbothlocalandinternationalmarkets(Ahmadetal.,2018;Antwi-Boasiakoetal.,2024).FreshGuavaanditsvalue-addeditemsareexportedbyfarmers,whoprofitgreatlyfromGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057fruitproducts.Guavaisthereforeanimportantcropthatoffersthemtwocroppingpatternsannuallyandhugesocioeconomicbenefits(Normandetal.,2015;Usmanetal.,Page62021).Timelyblossomingandmaximumfruitingofguavatrees,whichareessentialforyield,canbehamperedbyshiftingweatherpatternslikeheatandrain.Lowtemperatureshavebeenfoundtobecrucialforguavafloweringinsubtropicalenvironments.Butotherstressors,includingalackofwater,mightnegativelyimpactfruitsetandretention(Table.1)(Luoetal.,2019).Climatechangemayresultinphenologicalmismatches,whichwillimpactfloweringandfruitingatirregularperiodsandincreasetheirsusceptibilitytopestsanddiseases.Unfavorableweatherpatternsmightleadtolessconsistentfruitqualityandmaturityduringharvest,creatingadditionaldifficultiesformarketdeliveryandcustomersatisfaction(Boudonetal.,2020).Itisanticipatedthatthevegetativeandreproductivegrowthofguavatreeswillbeimpactedbyincreasesinatmosphericcarbondioxide(CO2),soilsalinity,andreducedanderraticrainfall(Normandetal.,2015;Janetal.,2025).Difficultiesduringdryandrainyspellscanbeovercomebybettercultivationtechniquesandnutrientmanagement,suchasapplyingzincandborontothesoiltogether.Guavatreeproductivityandphysiologicalqualityresponsescanbesomewhatimprovedbysuchpractices.Additionally,theyimprovefruitquality,retentionandset(Ahmadetal.,2018).Additionally,creatingaguavacropmodelthroughstudycanhelpcomprehendthesealteringeffectsonguavaphenologyandfindwaystoadjustcommercialguavaproductiontochangingclimatescenarios(Normandetal.,2015).Guavaisasignificantcrop,butitsstabilityandproductioninthefaceofclimatechangewilldependonafewfocusedagriculturalmeasuresaswellasourgrowingknowledgethroughresearch.ClimateChange(CC)ImpactonGuavaPhenologyClimatechangehasanimpactontheguava's(PsidiumguajavaL.)bloomingtime,fruitset,andirregularbearing.Risingtemperatures,alteredprecipitationpatterns,andariseinthefrequencyofextremeweathereventsarealleffectsofclimatechangeonguavaGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page7production(Normandetal.,2015).Guavafloweringisinfluencedbytwoenvironmentalfactors:temperatureandhumidity.Timingofpheno-indicatorscanbedisruptedbyclimaticchanges,leadingtovariationsinflowering.Theintricateprocessofguavafloweringdependsonanumberofvariables,includingwateravailabilityandtemperature.Whiletheageofthefinalflushofgrowthiscrucialintropicalclimates,lowtemperatureshaveasignificanteffectininducingfloweringinsubtropicalclimates(Luoetal.,2019;Janetal.,2025).Iftemperatureskeepincreasingacrosstheglobe,thenlow-temperaturecuesthatenablefloweringmaydecline.Asaresultoffloweringcoulddelayordisrupt(KhalifaandAbobatta,2023;Luoetal.,2019).Thechangesinclimatemayaffecttheavailabilityandbalanceofresourcesnecessaryforfruitsetsuchas,non-structuralcarbohydrates.Guava’sstarchandsugarcontentsaredirectlyinfluencedbyitsphotosynthesisandstarchdistribution.Changesinclimatecanaltertheamountofcarbohydratesavailablefortrees,thenaffectsfruitsetandmayleadtoareductioninfruitGuavatreesareknownforperiodicfloweringandirregularbearing,whichmakesitworsebyclimatevagaries,adoptingaregionalproductapproach(Janetal.,2025).Byincreasingtemperaturesandrainfallvariability,thephenologicaldisparitiescanhappen.Forexample,floweringandfruitingmaynotcoincide,whichcausesvariabilityinfruitproductionfromseasontoseasonasshownin(Table.1)(Normandetal.,2015).Furthermore,stressfromextremeclimateeventslikedroughtandheavyrainpreventadverselyimpactthehealthandproductivityofthetrees(KhalifaandAbobatta,2023;Janetal.,2025).Adaptivemeasuressuchasbreedingforclimate-resilientvarietiesandadjustmentinculturalpracticesareimportanttomitigatethem.Youmaychoosethecultivarsthatareagoodfitforclimaticstressesandspecifyagriculturalpracticestoimprovewaterandsoilmanagement(KhalifaandAbobatta,2023).Long-termstrategies,ontheotherhand,concentrateonbetterunderstandingandpredictingthephenologicaloccurrencesthatarealteredbyclimatechange.Improvingfarmmanagementasabufferagainstvariabilitywouldbeoneofthemoreworkableandimmediateanswers(YadavetGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057al.,2023).Page8Fig.2Abiotic-StressEffectsonGuavaFruitProductionTable1.Climatechange(CC)ImpactsonGuavaPhenology,YieldandFruitQualitySr.No.ChronologicalresearchworkonguavaReferences1.LongShort-TermMemoryModelforGuavaYieldKhedretal.,2026PredictionUsingHarrisHawksOptimization2.IntegratedNutrientManagementTechniquesBoostFruitNodaletal.,2026YieldandQualityinaSustainableGuava(PsidiumguajavaL.)SystemofProductionGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page93.DevelopmentofNondestructiveTechnologyforGuavaKunduetal.,2026RipenessAssessment(PsidiumguajavaL.)4.EffectsofBranchBendingontheProductionandFruitKumaretal.,2025QualityofDifferentGuavas(PsidiumguajavaL.)DifferentTypes5.Pruningpracticesaffectguavaflowering,fruiting,yield,andGomastaetal.,fruitbiochemicalcharacteristicsinsubtropicalclimates.20246.FlowerregulationinguavaandpomegranateSachinetal.,20247.EffectiveguavacultivarclonalmultiplicationusingtinyAwanetal.,2024softwoodcuttings8.Variousguavagenotypes'flowering,fruitingpatterns,andBose,2022nutritionalvalue9.Themorphological,physiological,biochemical,andUsmanetal.,2022molecularresponsesofguava(PsidiumguajavaL.)cultivarstodroughtstress10.SeasonalandgeneticvariationsinguavafruitqualityandUsmanetal.,2021theirbreedingconsequences11.Researchonthe"Crystal"guava's(PsidiumguajavaL.)Widyastutietal.,floweringandfruitingcyclesinthreedistinctIndonesian2019sites12.PhysiologicalresearchonguavatreefruitsandfloweringSingeretal.,201713.Intercropping:AstrategytolowerfruitdropandenhanceSinghetal.,2016guavafruitquality14.Pruninginguava(PsidiumguajavaL.)andassessingtheSinghetal.,2015floweringphenologythatresultsusingamodifiedBBCHscale15.EffectsofpruningdurationandintensityonguavaAdhikarietal.,production,quality,flowering,andvegetativegrowth2015GRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page1016.Studiesonhowdifferentpre-harvestmethodsaffecttheAlietal.,2014developmentandqualityofguavafruit17.Defoliationandde-floweringhaveanimpactonthefruitKhanetal.,2013qualityofguava(PsidiumguajavaL.)cv.Gola18.GuavaCVs.fruiting,yield,andfruitqualityasinfluencedbyKumaretal.,2008N,P,andKPantPrabhat19.Fruitqualityofguavas(PsidiumguajavaL.)inrelationtoSinghandSingh,thedateofpruning200120.Newguavavarietydevelopment,blooming,andfruitingMenzelandPaxton,patterns1986GRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page11Climatechange(CC)ImpactonGuavaFruitQuality:Commonbushyfruitplantknownasguava(PsidiumguajavaL.)isgrowninPakistanandothertropicalandsubtropicalareasoftheworld.Ahighlynutraceuticalfruitcrop,guavasarehighinpectin,carotenoids,calcium,vitaminA,andascorbicacid(threetofivetimesmorethancitrus)(Usmanetal.,2022;Usmanetal.,2020).Pakistannowproduces0.79milliontonsoffreshguavaon53.85thousandhectaresofland(Fruit,VegetablesandCondimentsStatisticsofPakistan,2023-24).Aftercitrusandmango,guavaisthethirdmostpopularfruitcropinPakistan.Despiterisingfruitoutputandguavayieldperhectare(8tons/hato14.5tons/ha),Pakistaniscurrentlytheworld'sfourth-largestguavagrower,afterChina,Indonesia,andIndia.Improvedplantingdensity,culturalmethods,andvarietalshifts,suchasChineseGola,mayberesponsiblefortheincreasedyieldandproductivity.Otherfactorsaffectingyieldandqualityincludeseedling-basedindustry,lackofcertifiednursery(Riazetal.,2025;Awanetal.,2024).Fruitcropsandclimatechange(CC)arerelatedbecauseglobalclimatechangeisprimarilyresponsibleformanyofthefactorsthathaveadetrimentaleffectoncommercialproduction.Risingtemperatures,droughtorwaterstress,changingclimatezones,erraticrainfallpatterns,andinsectpestoutbreaksaretheprimarycausesofclimatechange.Fruitcropsareexpectedtobemoreaffectedbyclimatechangethanperennialssinceshort-durationcropsarefrequentlybetterabletoadapt.Amongthewaysthatclimatechangeaffectsfruitcropsatdifferentphasesofgrowthanddevelopmentarefruitsunburn,inadequatepollination,delayedripening,reducedcolordevelopment,lowsugarcontent,poorfruitqualityandset,anddecreasedfruityield.Theconstantlychangingclimatehasasignificantimpactonperennialcropsintheagricultureandhorticulturalindustries,particularlythefruitbusiness.In2024,Punjabprovinceprovided66%ofmangoes,34%ofdates,82%ofguavas,andmorethan90%ofcitrusfruitstothecountry'soverallfruitproductionduetothehotmonthsofMayandJunebeingfollowedbysubstantialrainfallinJulyandAugust(www.agripunjab.gov.pk).Guava'ssize,color,sweetness,andpostharvestqualityareallimpactedbyclimateGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page12changeforavarietyofreasons.Variationsintemperature,light,andwateravailabilityhaveamajorroleindeterminingthesefruitcharacteristics.Guavasdeveloptoasizethatismostlydependentontheresourcesavailabletothem,namelywaterandnutrients.Waterstresswillresultfromrisingtemperaturesandunpredictablerainfallduetoclimatechange.Fruitsizeandgeneralqualitycharacteristicsinrelationtotheenvironmentwillbeaffected.(Table.2).Furthermore,asseeninFigure2,highertemperaturesmayaccelerategrowthprocesses,leadingtosmallerfruit(AntwiBoasiakoetal.,2024;LéchaudelandJoas,2007;Janetal.,2025).FruitTemperatureandlighthaveanimpactoncolordevelopment.Fruitsmayhaveunevencoloringduetochangesintheseelementsbroughtonbyclimatechange.Highertemperaturesmayincreasetheactivityoftheenzymesthatproducepigments,whichcouldresultinimprovedcolorbutalsoearlyripeningandotherissues(Yadavetal.,2023).Guavafruit'sflavorismostlydeterminedbyhowsugarsareproducedandstoredasthefruitripens.Temperatureincreasesinparticularhaveanimpactonthemetabolismofcarbohydrates,whichinturnaffectssweetness(DatirandRegan,2022;Romeroetal.,2021).Acertainamountofsugarbuildupmaybeincreasedbywarmertemperatures,buttoomuchheatmayimpedemetabolicactivities.Physiologicalissuesmayhaveanimpactonthequalityofpicked,ripefruit.Theyarebroughtonbyseasonalenvironmentalstress.Fruitappearance,texture,andflavorcanbenegativelyimpactedbystorageconditionssuchasdamageandunevenripening.Climateconditionshavebeenstressingharvestedfruit,whichmayincreasepost-harvestlossesandshortentheirshelflife,necessitatingtheuseofcutting-edgepostharvestequipment(Bambaleleetal.,2021;Ullahetal.,2024).Climatechange(CC)ImpactonGuavayieldOneofthemajorfruitsmostlysusceptibletoclimatechangecommercialguava(PsidiumguajavaL.),ClimateChangemayhavedetrimentaleffectsonthefruit'sphysiologicalanddevelopmentalprocesses.Guavayieldisdecreasedinthefollowingwaysbyrisingtemperatures,changingrainfallpatternsanddroughtconditions.HigherGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page13temperaturesduringfloweringfruitsetandfruitgrowthmayhaveadetrimentaleffectoncommercialfruitoutput.Fruitandblossomsmaydropasaresultofthisextremeheatstress,significantlyreducingyield.Additionally,itcanchangethefruit'squality,affectingitsnutritionalcontent,texture,andflavor(Antwi-Boasiakoetal.,2024;Normandetal.,2015;Janetal.,2025).Guavatreessufferfromdroughtandwaterconstraintbecausetheyrequireaspecificamountofwaterduringtheirgrowthcycle.Droughts,whichareoccurringmorefrequentlyduetoclimatechange,cancausewaterstress.Thelowerfruitproductionisduetolessphotosynthesisandvegetativegrowth.becauseitincreasesthechanceoffruitdropanddecreasestheoverallfruitset.Aninadequatewatersupplyduringthefloweringandfruit-settingstagesisespeciallyharmful(Normandetal.,2015).Insufficientrainfallhinderstheuptakeofnutrients,resultinginwaterdeficienciesthatcanleadtostressfulconditionsthatreducefruitoutputandquality.Mangotreesdependontimelyandbalancedrainfall,whichisbecomingmoreerraticduetoclimatechange(Antwi-Boasiakoetal.,2024;Normandetal.,2015).Climatefactorsliketemperatureandprecipitationhaveanimpactonthephotosynthesisandnutrientuptakeprocessesofguavatreesduringactivegrowthperiods.Heatandwaterstresscanreducechlorophyllefficiencyandcontent.Asaresult,atmosphericphotosyntheticprocessesmaybecomelessefficient.Consequently,lessenergyisgenerated,whichlimitsfruitproductionandgrowthandreducesyieldoverall(Normandetal.,2015;Janetal.,2025).FuturePerspectivesToolslikeprecisionhorticulture,climate-smarttechniques,andlegislativeactionsmayhelpmitigatetheharmfuleffectsofclimatechangeonguavaproduction.Together,theyimproveguavaorcharding'ssustainability,resilience,andproductivity.InordertoeffectivelyanalyzeHorticulturaloperations,precisionhorticultureusesmobileplatforms,dataanalysis,remotesensing,andmore.Thesedays,farmsusesmarttechnology,whicharegadgetsthatgivefarmersthequickinformationtheyrequire.Precisionhorticulture,whichincludessite-specificnutrientmanagement,precisewatermanagement,andplantGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page14healthmonitoringusingnano-biosensorsthatcanidentifybioticandabioticchallengesbeforetheynegativelyimpactproduction,usedforthecommercialguavaproduction(Miguel-RojasandPérez-DeLuque,2023).Climate-SmartHorticulture(CSH)referstosustainablefarmingmethodsthatboostresilience,reduceemissions,andincreaseproductivity.Cropdiversification,conservationagriculture,andtheuseofagroforestryareamongtechniquesthatguaranteeconsistentyieldsandimproveresilience.StrategiesforCSHhavebeendevised,accordingtoSafdaretal.(2024)andBhanuwantietal.(2024).Forexample,guavavarietiesthataredroughtanddiseaseresistantwerecreated.Enhancingsoilfertilityandirrigationeffectivenessaretwomoreexamples.Inadditiontoincreasingmangocropoutput,ithelpslowerhazardsassociatedwithclimatechange.ConclusionClimatechangemayhaveamajoreffectonguavatrees(CC).Climatechangehasmadeguavatreesmorevulnerabletoenvironmentalstressorssuchasdrought,intenseweather,increasedtemperatures,anderraticrainfallpatterns.Changesintemperatureandprecipitationcaninterferewiththegrowthandfruitingcyclesofguavatrees.Thiscouldhaveanimpactonthephenology,yield,andqualityofthefruit.Risingtemperaturesandmorefrequentheatwavesmaymakeitmoredifficultfortreestoproducefoodandcarryoutothergrowthphases.Despitetheshiftingclimate,productivitymustbemaintained,adjustingmeasuresshouldbeusedinresponsetotemperatureincreases.Waterscarcityandsoilsaltbuildupduetoclimatechangeareexacerbatinganalreadydirescenario.Socioeconomicissuesarealsobecomingmoreprevalent.Guavaqualityandproductivityarealsobeingimpacted.Developmentofaguavacropmodelandmodificationstoculturalpracticesmayoffercrucialinformationforadaptationstrategy.ThesustainabilityofguavaproductionandtheconsequencesofclimatechangecanalsobeaddressedbyresearchinitiativesonAI-assistedsustainablefruitfarmingandnewIoTtechnologies.Acknowledgments:AuthorsarehighlygratefultothePakistanSciencefoundation(PSF)IslamabadGRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057forresearchfundingunderprojectgrantPSF/NSLP/P-UAF(822)“Establishingphenologicalandgeneticresponsestoseasonalshiftsinguava(PsidiumguajavaL.)Page15germplasm”.References:AdamsR.M,Rosenzweig,C.,PeartMcRitchie,J.T.,McCarl,B.A.,Glyer,J.D.,Curry,R.B.,Jones,J.W.,Boote,J.K.&AllenJr,L.H.(1990).GlobalclimatechangeandUSagriculture.Nature.;345(6272):219-224.Adhikari,S.&Kandel,T.P.,(2015).Effectoftimeandlevelofpruningonvegetativegrowth,flowering,yield,andqualityofguava.InternationalJournalofFruitScience,15(3),pp.290-301.Adrees,M.,Younis,M.,Farooq,U.&Hussain,K.(2010).Nutritionalqualityevaluationofdifferentguavavarieties.Pak.J.Agri.Sci,47(1),pp.1-4.Ahmad,I.,Bibi,F.,Ullah,H.,&Munir,T.M.(2018).Mangofruityieldandcriticalqualityparametersrespondtofoliarandsoilapplicationsofzincandboron.Plants,7(4),97.Ahmed,M.,Awan,B.A.,Zaman,B.U.,Bakhsh,K.,Sohail,M.,Rafeeque,A.,Afzal,H.,Ali,A.andRazzaque,A.(2026).ImpactofClimateChangeonMango(MangiferaindicaL.),Phenology,Yield,andQuality.GlobalResearchJournalofNaturalScienceandTechnology.Ali,F.S.(2014).Studiesofsomepreharvesttreatmentsongrowthandfruitqualityofguavafruits.J.Agri.VeterinarySci,7(12),pp.12-21.Angulo-López,J.E.,Flores-Gallegos,A.C.,Torres-León,C.,Ramírez-Guzmán,K.N.,Martínez,G.A.&Aguilar,C.N.(2021).Guava(PsidiumguajavaL.)fruitandvalorizationofindustrializationby-products.Processes,9(6),p.1075.Antwi-Boasiako,A.,Amponsah,P.,Opoku,J.A.,Coulibaly,D.&Mintah,P.(2024).Increasingmangoproductionefficiencyunderthefast-changingclimate.InAbioticStressinCropPlantsEcophysiologicalResponsesandhttps://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112951.GRJNST,Volume:04-Issue2(2026)/ISSNP:2790-7643ArticleID:2057https://doi.org/10.53762/grjnst.04.02.09G.2057Page16Antwi-Boasiako,A.,Amponsah,P.,Opoku,J.A.,Coulibaly,D.&Mintah,P.(2024).Increasingmangoproductionefficiencyunderthefast-changingclimate.InAbioticStressinCropPlants-EcophysiologicalResponsesandMolecularApproaches.IntechOpen.Arévalo-Marín,E.,Casas,A.,Landrum,L.,Shock,M.P.,Alvarado-Sizzo,H.,Ruiz-Sanchez,E.&Clement,C.R.(2021).ThetamingofPsidiumguajava:Naturalandculturalhistoryofaneotropicalfruit.Frontiersinplantscience,12,p.714763.Ashraf,M.A.,Ateeq,M.,Zhu,K.,Asim,M.,Mohibullah,S.,Riaz,T.,Huang,X.,Pan,H.,Li,G.,Shabala,S.&Liu,J.(2026).Phytohormonenetworksorchestratinglateralorganadaptationstohypoxiaandreoxygenationinfruitcrops.Plant,Cell&Environment,49(1),pp.607-622.AssadE.D.,PintoH.S.,ZulloJuniorJ.&ÁvilaAM.H.(2004).ImpactodasmudançasclimáticasnozoneamentoagroclimáticodocafénoBrasil.PesquisaAgropecuáriaBrasileira.39:1057-1064.Athani,S.I.,Patil,P.B.,Swamy,G.S.K.,Sabarad,A.I.&Gorabal,K.R.(2007).Studiesongrowthparametersandfruitcharactersinguavacultivars.ActaHorticulturae,735,p.271.Awan,B.A.,Usman,M.&Fatima,B.(2024).Efficientclonalpropagationofguavacultivarsbyminisoftwoodcuttings.JAPS:Jou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